Introduction

Automotive Electrical Power Usage and Energy Storage Overview

• Power generation
• Power distribution
• Energy storage

Capacitors and Batteries

• Energy storage in a capacitor and a battery
• Electrical behavior of capacitors and batteries
• Life and reliability

Ultracapacitor Design and Performance Overview

• Aqueous carbon electrodes symmetric
• Organic electrolyte carbon electrode symmetric
• Asymmetrical ultracapacitors

Ultracapacitor Material and Cost

• Active carbon
• The electrolyte
• Other components

Application in Vehicles

• Engine start
• Power assist hybrid
• Power assist Fuel Cell hybrid
• Back-up power drive by wire
• Specialty vehicles

Ultracapacitor-based Electrical System Design, Efficiency, and Cost

• As a single storage device
• In combination with a battery
• Cell balancing
• Voltage regulation

Comparing Value Propositions of Ultracapacitors, an Ultracapacitor-Battery Hybrid, and High-Power Batteries, in Several Advanced Vehicle Architectures

• In mild hybrids
• In power assist hybrids
• In power assist buses and delivery vehicles
• In a backup drive-by-wire usage

Outlook

• Technology
• Market

Key Companies

• Cell developers
• Key material developers
• Automotive system integrators and users
• Government academic and research laboratories