Session 3: Large Lithium-Ion Batteries for Stationary and Specialty Applications
High-power, high-energy Li-Ion batteries are being installed into professional power tools, robots, Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) , UPS systems, and various military applications. In this session we will review this technology's commercial progress, how it impacts the high-volume automotive market, and the technological and commercial challenges it faces as it advances to capture a larger share of the specialty, LEV, military, and industrial battery markets.
Session Chairman: Dirk-Uwe Sauer, Professor, Faculty for Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University
Dr. Dirk-Uwe Sauer is Professor of "Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems" in the Faculty for Electrical Engineering and Information Technology at RWTH Aachen University. Prior to his professorship, he was head of the storage systems group and of off-grip and rural electrification at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE in Freiburg, Germany. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Ulm on the topic of Optimization of the usage of lead-acid batteries in photovoltaic hybrid systems, with special emphasis on battery ageing.
SESSION AGENDA
Demand for Energy-Storage Systems in Grids with a Large Share of Renewable Energies – Perspectives for Large-Scale Batteries and Alternatives Stuart Norman, Storage Program Manager, E.ON New Build & Technology
Abstract
As the proportion of electricity generated from variable renewable sources increases, there will be a number of effects on power networks which could provide an increased opportunity for energy storage. For example
Growth of wind and PV will drive a significant increase in the demand for reserve services,
Loss of inertia off the system could increase demand for artificial inertia and frequency response, and
On the lower voltage network, growth of micro-generation technologies and electric vehicles will increasingly put a strain on local networks.
Storage can assist with mitigating these issues at all grid voltage levels.
This presentation examines projects implementing energy storage systems to assist with the integration of renewable energy sources on weak grids.
With Li-ion as the key focus of current development, assessment of topics such as vehicle-to-grid, vehicle-to-home and EV battery 2nd-life will be presented.
The presentation then concludes with a summary and discussion of next steps, remaining barriers and future developments.
Close Abstract
Maximizing the Value of Decentralized Energy Storage and PV Systems Via IEC 61 850 Communication Interface to the Grid Ina Hahndorf, Head of R&D, Younicos AG
Abstract
This presentation looks into the “smart” usage of decentralized stationary energy storage devices, as envisioned today by local utilities. New approaches to the implementation of decentralized energy storage, and the business models underlying these approaches, allow value to be recognized by both home owners generating their own energy via PV systems and utilities. One such business model is the aggregation of these decentralized energy storage units into a virtual power plant for use in frequency regulation and peak shaving. Such usage is only possible by enabling the storage units to communicate with the grid via a communication interface. This approach is shown via the presentation of the decentralized energy storage units developed for HEAG Südhessische Energie AG (HSE) and integrated via communication interface IEC 61 850 in their local grid.
An overview of the following decentralized energy storage systems will be given:
Cell Cube FB 10-100, manufactured by Cellstrom
Nominal charge power 10 kW
Max. AC charge power 15 kW
Continuous charge power 12 kW
Nominal discharge power 10 kW
Max. AC output power 15 kW
Continuous discharging power 8 kW
Capacity 100 kWh
IEC 61 850 communication
Stationary energy storage based on lithium-ion-technology, developed by Younicos AG
Power 5 kW
Energy 4 kWh
Grid-connected storage
Lithium-Titanate-Accumulator
IEC 61 850 communication
Additionally, the data model of the IEC 61 850 communication interface used in both decentralized energy storage systems will be presented.
Possible usage scenarios, commercial applications, and the contribution of decentralized storage units to the transition to a fossil free energy economy are discussed.
Close Abstract
LESSY as an Example for a Large-Scale Lithium-Ion Battery for Ancillary Services Dennis Gamrad, Project Manager Creavis Research and Development, Evonik Industries AG
Abstract
This contribution presents the LESSY project, which aims the development of a large-scale lithium-ion battery storage system for ancillary services. The overall project management of LESSY is taken by the Science-to-Business Center Eco2 of Creavis, the strategic research and development unit of Evonik Industries.
The presentation in outlined as follows:
Evonik, Creavis, and Science-to-Business Center Eco2
Structure of Evonik Industries AG
Key figures of Evonik’s R&D
Structure of Creavis
Structure of the Science-to-Business Center Eco2
The funded project LESSY
Current trend in electricity supply
Batteries in mobile and stationary applications
Characteristics of the developed storage system
Partners of the project LESSY
Technical design of a large-scale battery
The applied storage technology
Components and structure of the developed storage
Electrical concept of the storage system
Grid integration at a power plant
Performance of ancillary services
Overview about different applications for large-scale batteries
Working principle of frequency regulation
Performance of primary control power according to current regulations
Summary and conclusion
Close Abstract
Full Electric Buses for Public Transport – Markets and Technology Options for Energy Supply by Lithium-Ion Batteries Dirk Uwe Sauer, Professor, Faculty for Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen
Abstract
Electro mobility is mainly discussed with regard to mass applications such as passenger ve-hicles, electric scooters or electric bikes. However, there are niche markets with a relative small number of units per year but a very high visibility to the public and short time to the market due to good economic conditions. Electric busses for public transport is such a niche market. Nevertheless it is rapidly developing market. China supports massively the market introduction of full electric busses and several hundred are already on the road today. Energy cost savings amount to 100,000 to 170,000 Euro in five years by using electricity instead of gasoline for a standard bus. This gives rom for battery investments.
Electrification of busses is a complex market with several boundary conditions defined by the operation profile of the busses. Requirements and needs from different transport authorities are very different, nevertheless this paper tries to structure requirements, options for electrifi-cation, resulting sizing of the batteries, charging options, and existing markets.
The focus is on full electric busses. Depending on the specific energy consumption and the daily mileage it is a tight game if such a bus can be equipped with a battery for a full day trip or if intermediate recharging is required. Technologies for recharging during the day are ex-changing the batteries or high rate charging in short rest periods.
Based on the sizing of the battery and the charging concept requirements for the batteries with regard to power capability, energy density, temperature range, and lifetime are identi-fied. This allows selecting appropriate battery chemistries.
Close Abstract
E-bike Technology and Market, Battery Requirements and Selection Richard Aumayer, Consultant, Robert Bosch GmbH; Head of Central Department, Governmental & Political Relations
Abstract
E-Mobility is mainly discussed in regards to passenger cars and LCV's. As important are e-bikes because they can be seen as a "low barrier entrance" into e-mobility. In Asia e-bikes and e-scooters are already a mass phenomena while in Europe these means of transport are going to become more and more important.
Differences of use between PC and e-bike While PCs are designed by specialists and the driver has no access to the high voltage part of the car, the bike market is dominated by small and medium sized companies and the batters and charging device is easily accessible
Market expectations and consequences thereof We can expect a rapidly growing market and as a consequence we also must prepare for a growing number of failed batteries
The Bosch approach will be presented to guarantee adequate performance in the different e-bike concepts and design principles for safe use of the battery and charging system.
Close Abstract
Progress Status of Saft Iron Super Phosphate Cells Philippe Blanchard, Product Engineering Manager, SAFT Automotive Batteries
Abstract
Saft is the world leader in providing state of the art lithium ion systems for demanding markets. The company has been manufacturing Lithium ion batteries for almost 20 years. Saft’s research and development as well as production facilities are focused within a wide range of specialty markets. Products have evolved to match the requirements of military, automotive, aerospace, mobility, and telecom with a focus on high performance over a wide temperature range, long life, high quality and reliability, and rugged systems that can operate in uncontrolled and abusive environments.
Saft’s strategy in developing the Super-Phosphate™ product line has been to take the UT developed Iron Phosphate cathode material and through a patented process increase the power and energy available over a wide temperature range. In addition the Super-Phosphate™ products have the desirable abusive event results of a phosphate product, but with enhanced abuse tolerance.
Saft has delivered large Super-Phosphate™ systems for marine and railways applications requiring long cycle life and a good balance of power and energy. This talk will address the performance of Saft’s Super-Phosphate™ products on a cell and system level and demonstrate the advantages of this technology in several application areas.
